Improvement in concrete pavements



J. M. SNOOK.

CONCRETE-PAVEMENT. v No.178 ,341. Patented June 6,1876.

Vitnesses Inventor v :Qfl QKMZJ 1 M/%% N-PETERS. PHOTO-LITNOGRAFNER WASNINGTON D U I ED STATES JOHN MORRIS SNOOK, OF SAN FRANGISOO, CALIFORNIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN co Specification forming part of Letters Patent No NCRETE PAVEMENTS.

. 178,341, dated June 6, 1876; application filed January 21, 1876.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. SNOOK, of San Francisco city and county, State of California, have invented an Improved Pavement;

and I do hereby declare the following description and accompanying drawings are sufficient to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which it most nearly appertains to make and use my-said invention or improvement without further invention or experiment. My invention relates to improvements in the construction of that class of pavements, walks, floors, and other traveled surfaces, in which concrete, cement, or other substance or combination of substances, which harden by exposure to the atmosphereso as to form an artificial-stone surface, is used.

The object of my invention is to provide such a construction of the foundation upon which the artificial-stone or other surface is laid that the material of which the surface is made can be spread,in a single or continuous body, so as to present the appearance of being made in separate blocks or figures, and so that, in case of contraction, upheaving, or

settling of the stone or concrete surface, any

fractures which may occur will be in uniform, straight, or regular lines, thus preserving the appearance of the surface.

The nature of my invention consists in making false joints with or without wood or other equivalent material on the under side of the pavement, where desired, and a slight indent ure in the top to correspond, as hereinafter described.

To construct these surfaces I prepare the bed of either sand, gravel, stone, mortar, brick,

I lumber, or other equivalent material. I then fasten strips on each side of the pavement, or, in case of too great width, at convenient distances apart, as high as the desired thickness of the pavement. I then set strips of wood or other material, where desired, within one inch as high as the side strips, more or less, and of any desired shape and thickness. Then fill up, in layers of about two to four inches, with a concrete or composition composed of sand, gravel, broken stone, with one-third of their bulk of cement, lime, watenlime, asphalt, tar, or other equivalent material; thoroughly mix and dampen the mixtures of limes with water or any chemical solution commonly used for this purpose, and the mixtures of asphalt or tar by heating and stirring; then tamp it down thoroughly, being particular to scratch up the surface of each layer before putting in a new layer to prevent seaming; then scrape it down one inch below the top of the side strips. While the mass is still plastic I apply a face mixture of fine sand or gravel and cement, or any equivalent of the proportion of one part of cement to one part of sand, mixed as before described, only a little thinner, and of any desired color or colors, being careful to put in sufficient, so that when thoroughly tamped it will more than fill the side strips; then scrape off and trowel down, finishing off by imprinting the upper imitation joints 0 in their proper places over the lower false joints A and B with a suitable jointingtool to represent blocks or figures, lettingit penetrate the concrete one-quarter of an inch;

and proceed as before until completed.

I do not, however, always confine myselfto the use of two qualities of mixture; one or more may be used according to the kind or quality of pavement desired.

Neither do I confine myself to the same proportions of cement and other materials at all times, but vary the proportions according to the strength required.

in described will present an even, hard, solid, and durable surface, with all the appearance of being laid in blocks of any desired configuration, without the disadvantages of that system, and, in case of contraction of the stone or concrete, will crack in the false joints, thus still retaining all the appearance of the original design.

I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

In combination with a concrete or artificialstone pavement or other traveled surface laid in a continuous manner upon a foundation, which is provided with grooves, recesses, or inden tations A B, the recesses or indentations O O in the surface of the pavement, substantially as and for the purpose described.

JOHN M. SNOOK. Witnesses:

GEO. H. STRONG, C. M. RICHARDSON.

then move the side piece for another breadth,

The walk or pavement constructed as here-- Having thus described my invention, what 

